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Injectable preservative beat refrigeration in pain trial
In a double-blind crossover study in 32 healthy beagle dogs, a benzyl alcohol injectable preservative scored far lower for injection-site pain than a meta-cresol system, at both 4 and 25 degrees Celsius. Chilling the vial before injection added no measurable benefit. Log VAS least-squares means ran 1.94 for the benzyl alcohol formulation at 25 degrees Celsius against 3.43 for the meta-cresol formulation, and the meta-cresol formulation pushed the odds of a higher descriptive pain score up to 10.32 fold. Why the injectable preservative is a pain question, not just a stability question Multi-dose veterinary injectables depend on a preservative to stay sterile and potent through a whole in-use period. The…
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Feedlot chronic pens: what 52,886 cattle show
Chronic is not the same as condemned. Most cattle moved to feedlot chronic pens still reach market weight: 62 percent of 52,886 chronic animals tracked across 17 operations and seven years of records shipped at full weight. Respiratory disease led the diagnosis groups at a median 45.2 percent, lameness came second at 23.9 percent, and mortality took 23.1 percent. The spread between yards is wider than any of those figures. Why feedlot chronic pens have been so poorly described Beef production talks about animal welfare constantly. Industry policy books carry sections on cattle well-being, and the international animal health code has a chapter covering beef systems. The animals that actually…
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Feedlot chronic pens: what 52,886 cattle show
Chronic is not the same as condemned. Most cattle moved to feedlot chronic pens still reach market weight: 62 percent of 52,886 chronic animals tracked across 17 operations and seven years of records shipped at full weight. Respiratory disease led the diagnosis groups at a median 45.2 percent, lameness came second at 23.9 percent, and mortality took 23.1 percent. The spread between yards is wider than any of those figures. Why feedlot chronic pens have been so poorly described Beef production talks about animal welfare constantly. Industry policy books carry sections on cattle well-being, and the international animal health code has a chapter covering beef systems. The animals that actually…
